American Experiment (141 page)
Read American Experiment Online
Authors: James MacGregor Burns
Hudson’s Bay Company,
455
,
458-9
Hughes, Bishop John,
509
Hull, Capt. Isaac,
211
Hume, David,
28
Hunkers,
468-9
Hunter, Gen. David,
620
Hunter, Robert M. T.,
544
Hussey’s reaper,
527
ice industry,
429
Illinois,
299
,
392
,
452
,
496
,
499-500
,
528
,
529
,
543
,
554-5
,
576
,
599
,
622-3
;
migration to,
207
,
315
,
449
,
450
,
451
,
527
; politics in,
267
,
556-9
,
561-2
,
580-7
,
594-5
Illinois Central Railroad,
556
,
589
immigrants,
141
,
395
,
404-9
,
415
,
433
,
450
,
530
,
534
,
553
; and Alien Act,
126
,
127-8
; in cities,
80-1
,
113
,
114
,
116
,
356
,
404-9
; education of,
509-10
,
565
; employment of,
405-6
,
408-9
; and nativism,
547-8
,
553-4
,
559
: and politics,
407-8
,
554
,
559
impressment,
see
Great Britain: impressment of seamen by indentured servants,
7
,
114
,
503
Independence, Mo.,
456
Independent Journal
,
44
Independent Treasury Act (1840),
344-6
,
424
,
426
Indiana,
207
,
315
,
392
,
449
,
496
,
508
,
527-8
; canal system in,
305
; communitarianism in,
439
,
440-2
; politics in,
562
,
597
,
603
individual rights: ideology of,
143
,
415-16
,
435
,
437
,
440
,
479
,
571-3
; vs. community,
30
,
115-16
,
475
,
491-2
;
see also
liberty; man
industry,
433
,
438
; capital for,
80
,
295-6
,
534
,
587
; and equality,
355
,
362
; expansion of,
141
,
251
,
291
,
295
,
485
,
533-5
·
587-9
,
599
; and government,
84
,
88-9
,
236-7
,
287-8
,
291
,
505
,
564
; and individual liberty,
485-7
,
489-90
,
491-2
; machinery for,
216
,
282
,
288-9
,
290-1
,
295
,
307
,
396
,
430
,
533-4
,
535
; tariffs for,
236
,
269-70
,
293
,
295
,
347
,
437
,
505
; see also
business; capitalism; labor; textile industry
Ingraham, Joseph.
284-5
Intellectuals,
27
,
145
,
442
,
444
,
477
; of Virginia,
255-64
passim
internal improvements: competition for,
308-9
; government subsidies for,
236
,
240-1
,
307-8
,
309
,
329
,
331
,
347
,
505
,
506
,
564
; as political issue,
320
,
333
,
334
,
375
,
435
,
599
;
see also
transportation
Irish immigrants,
80-1
,
113
,
126
,
305
,
309
,
373
,
405
,
406
,
407-8
,
450
,
480
,
498
,
547
,
548
,
555
Irving, Washington,
477
Isely, Jeter,
547
Izard, George,
213
Jackson, Andrew.
239
,
268
,
318-19
,
343
,-421,
453
,
459
,
580
; and Calhoun,
332-3
,
334
,
570
; censured by Senate,
340
,
346
,
423
; and Congress,
247
,
327
,
346
; and Democratic party,
323
,
341
,
340
,
347-9
,
359
,
363-4
,
381
,
455
,
457
; in election of 1824,
265-7
,
321
,
378
; in election of 1828,
320-3
,
375-6
; election of 1832,
331-6
,
380
; Florida campaign of,
245-7
,
319
,
332
; and foreign affairs,
445-6
,
455
; kitchen cabinet of,
325-6
,
339
; nullification policy of,
329
,
330-1
,
335
,
330-7
,
346
,
348
,
357
; presidency of,
323-41
,
344
,
345
,
346-7
,
358
,
359
,
361
,
378
,
383
,
428
,
575
,
598
,
619
; spoils system of,
324-5
,
333
,
346
,
374
; supporters of,
269
,
320-4
,
349
,
358
,
423
; tour of,
337-8
; and United States Bank,
335-6
,
338-40
,
347
,
373
,
374
,
375
,
428
,
466
; in War of 1812,
213
,
216-17
,
231
,
235
,
319
;
see also
democracy: Jacksonian
Jackson, George,
55
Jackson, Patrick Tracy,
292
,
294
Jackson. Rachel (Mrs. Andrew),
319
,
323
,
326-7
,
402
Jackson, Gen. Thomas (Stonewall),
610-11
,
613
,
622
,
623
,
624
Jalapa, Mexico,
463
Japan,
542
Jay, John,
19
,
41
,
43
,
44-5
,
53
,
56-7
,
69
,
70
,
71
,
72
,
78
,
79
,
103
,
147
,
148
,
152
,
154
,
184
,
215
,
235
Jay, Mrs. John,
81
Jay family,
370
Jay treaty (1794),
103-4
,
120
,
226
,
137
Jefferson, Thomas,
18
,
26
,
43
,
55
,
77
,
162
,
231
,
260
,
319
,
325
,
340
,
347
,
357
,
360
,
368
,
377
,
414
,
419
,
435
,
439
,
478
,
483
,
493
; Alien and Sedition Acts opposed by,
126
,
127
,
131-2
,
184
,
230
,
330
; and Burr conspiracy,
197
,
202-3
; and canals,
303
,
305-6
,
310
; character and philosophy of,
62-3
,
161-3
,
165
,
168
,
170
,
171
,
238
,
501
,
502
; and Congress,
165
,
167
,
168-72
,
202
,
263
; correspondence with Adamses,
18-19
,
226
,
271-2
; and Declaration of Independence,
23
,
40
,
272
,
411
; in election of 1796,
107-9
,
378
; election of 1800,
144-7
,
151-5
,
378
; in election of 1804,
183
,
227
; and Embargo Act,
199-202
,
203
,
230
; and foreign affairs,
162
,
167
,
168
,
173-5
,
195-201
,
230
,
249
,
253
; and French Revolution,
99-100
; and Hamilton,
90-1
,
101
; and judiciary,
183-9
,
193
,
202
; and Kentucky and Virginia resolutions,
131-2
,
134
,
139
,
145
,
162
; and Lewis and Clark expedition,
178-83
,
190
; and Louisiana Purchase,
176-8
,
189
,
230
; and Madison,
28
,
91-2
,
203-4
,
206
,
208
,
212
,
255
; at Monticello,
106-7
,
163
,
168
,
201
,
255
,
256
,
270-3
,
440
; and political parties,
90
,
99
,
135
,
239
,
279
; political strategy and appointments of,
161
,
164-7
,
186
,
190-2
,
239
; presidency of,
159-72
,
183-93
,
195
,
205
,
215
,
228
,
259
,
260
,
261
,
263
,
378
,
383
,
428
,
598
; on rebellion,
18-19
,
162
; and Republican party,
122
,
137
,
138-9
,
145
,
146-7
,
159
,
164-7
,
169-72
,
173
,
184
,
185-6
,
190-2
,
202
,
258
,
262-3
,
269
,
369
,
498
,
549
; as Secretary of State,
71
,
88
,
90-1
,
101
,
103
,
162
; and slavery issue,
151
,
243
; as vice-president,
108-9
,
122
,
138
,
146
,
162
Jerusalem, Va.,
392
Jervis, John B,
432
Johnson, Andrew,
346
Johnson, Richard M.,
235
,
342
,
421
Johnson, Samuel,
25
Johnson, William Samuel,
31
Johnston, Gen. Albert Sidney,
608
,
621
Johnston, Gen. Joseph,
463
,
609-10
,
613
Jones, Anson,
460
Jones, Charles Colcock,
385-8
,
390-1
Jones, Mary (Mrs. Charles Colcock),
388
Jones, William,
212
Judd, Norman,
595
judicial branch,
36
,
38-9
,
40
,
60
,
128
,
183-6
,
193
,
619
; independence of,
184-9
,
193
,
202
,
350
,
see also
courts; Supreme Court judicial review,
40
,
133
,
187-9
,
93
,
202
,
577
Judiciary Act: of 1789,
70
,
130
,
186-9
; of 1801,
168
,
183-4
,
186
,
202
Kansas,
453
; Lecompton plan,
579-80
,
589
,
607
; slavery issue in,
543
,
550-2
,
579-80
,
591
; Topeka constitution in,
550