Ambition and Desire: The Dangerous Life of Josephine Bonaparte (57 page)
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Authors: Kate Williams
Tags: #Nonfiction, #France, #Biography & Autobiography, #History, #Royalty, #Women's Studies, #18th Century, #19th Century
15
. Hanoteau,
Le Ménage Beauharnais,
80.
16
. Ibid., 51.
2.
Sophistication
1
. Hanoteau,
Le Ménage Beauharnais,
35.
2
. Ibid., 28.
3
. Ibid.
4
. Ibid., 76.
5
. Ibid., 78.
6
.
“Les Registres Paroissiaux de Noisy-le-Grand,”
Bulletin de la Société de l’Histoire de Paris
(1894), 126.
7
. Hanoteau,
Le Ménage Beauharnais,
87.
8
. Ibid., 34.
9
. Ibid., 37.
10
. Ibid., 85.
11
. Ibid., 55.
12
. Ibid., 102.
13
. Ibid., 87.
14
. Montgaillard,
Souvenirs du Comte Montgaillard
(Paris, 1895), 85.
15
. Hanoteau,
Le Ménage Beauharnais,
52.
16
. Ibid., 103.
17
. Ibid., 124.
18
. Ibid., 125.
19
. Ibid., 130.
20
. Ibid.
21
. Ibid., 137.
22
. Ibid., 149.
23
. Ibid., 151.
24
. Ibid., 152.
25
. Ibid., 162.
26
. Masson,
Josephine,
117.
27
. Hanoteau,
Le Ménage Beauharnais,
171.
3.
“Beneath All the Sluts in the World”
1
. Archives Nationales, Paris, Y 13,795.
2
. Hanoteau,
Le Ménage Beauharnais,
183. In Mme. la Comtesse C. D’Arjuzon,
Joséphine contre Beauharnais
(Paris, 1906).
3
. Hanoteau,
Le Ménage Beaharnais,
184.
4
. Ibid., 201.
5
. Victor du Bled,
La Société française du XVIe au XXe siècle
(Paris: Perrin, 1901), 312.
6
. Mme. de Rémusat,
Mémoires de Madame de Rémusat 1802–1818,
I, 34.
7
. D’Arjuzon,
Josephine contre Beauharnais,
13–19.
8
. Ibid., 65.
9
. Aubenas,
Impératrice,
I, 151.
10
. Fersen coincidentally wrote to Marie Antoinette as Josephine.
11
. Jacques Janssens,
Josephine,
86.
12
. Queen Hortense,
Mémoires,
I, 30.
4.
Revolution
1
. Fraser,
Marie Antoinette,
281.
2
. Ludmila Kybalová, Olga Herbenová, and Milena Lamarová.
The Pictorial Encyclopaedia of Fashion.
Trans. Claudia Rosoux (London: Paul Hamlyn, 1968), 223–30.
3
. Madame de Staël,
Considerations sur la Revolution française,
101.
4
.
J. W. Croker,
Essays on the Early Period of the French Revolution
(1857), 121.
5
. Klinckowstrom,
Le Comte de Fersen & la Cour de France,
I, 208–9.
6
.
Impératrice Joséphine, Correspondance 1782–1814,
eds. Chevallier, Catinat, and Pincemaille, 16.
7
. de Staël,
Considerations,
part 2, 248. See also Marquise de La Tour du Pin,
Journal d’une femme de cinquante ans (1778–1815)
(Paris: M. Imhaus and R. Chapelot, 1914), II, 177.
8
. William Cohen,
The French Encounter with Africans,
115.
9
. Masson,
Josephine de Beauharnais,
186–87.
10
. January 17, 1794, Josephine to the Committee, in
Impératrice Joséphine, Correspondance,
17.
11
. Masson,
Josephine,
188.
12
. Ibid., 210.
13
. Queen Hortense,
Mémoires,
I, 34.
14
. Josephine to Hortense,
Impératrice Joséphine, Correspondance,
19.
15
. Grace Elliott,
Journal of My Life,
188.
16
. Josephine to Hortense,
Impératrice Joséphine, Correspondance,
19.
17
. Manuscripts Collection, La Pagerie Museum, Martinique.
18
.
Mémoires and Correspondence de l’Impératrice Joséphine,
collected by Regnault (Paris, 1820).
19
. Ducrest,
Mémoires sur l’Impératrice Joséphine,
I, 55.
20
. Ibid., 59.
21
. Ibid.
5.
“The Height of Good Manners to Be Ruined”
1
. Quoted in the
Magnificent Comedy,
92.
2
. Josephine to Mme. La Pagerie, November 20, 1794,
Impératrice Joséphine, Correspondance,
23.
3
.
Impératrice Joséphine, Correspondance,
26.
4
.
Lettres inédites de Madame de Staël à Henri Meister,
eds. Usteri & Ritter, 45–49.
5
. Baron de Frénilly,
Recollections,
136.
6
. Ibid.
7
.
Correspondance de Napoléon
1
er rassemblée dans les ouvrages publiés par les soins de Napoléon III,
1858–69.
8
. January 1, 1795,
Impératrice Joséphine, Correspondance,
28.
9
. G. De Sainte-Croix de la Roncière,
Joséphine Impératrice,
98.
10
. Talleyrand, cited in Kybalová and others, 240.
11
. A. Aulard,
Paris sous la Reaction Thermidorienne,
III, 180.
12
. Ducrest,
Mémoires
I, 332.
13
. Frénilly,
Mémoires,
65.
14
.
Barras et son temps,
205.
15
. Lever,
de Sade: A Biography
(1993), 514–15.
16
. Pasquier,
Histoire de mon temps,
I, 118.
17
. Stuart,
Josephine,
64.
18
. Barras,
Mémoires,
II, 104.
6
. “What Strange Power You Have over My Heart”
1
. Bertrand,
Cahiers,
II, 85.
2
. Ibid., I, 55.
3
. Bourrienne,
Mémoires,
I, 75.
4
. Bertrand,
Cahiers,
II, 198.
5
. Ibid., I, 66.
6
. Ibid., I, 75.
7
. Ibid., I, 78.
8
. Rousseau,
Du Contrat Social,
II, 358.
9
. Rémusat,
Mémoires,
I, 143.
10
. Bertrand,
Cahiers,
III, 65.
11
. Rémusat,
Mémoires,
I, 144.
12
. Masson,
Napoleon inconnu, papiers inédits,
II, 286.
13
. August 12, 1795, Joseph Bonaparte,
Mémoires,
I, 142.
14
. Ibid., I, 144.
15
. McLynn,
Napoleon,
87.
16
. Ibid., 85.
17
. Bourrienne,
Mémoires,
II, 145.
18
. There is much debate about Bonaparte’s height; some suggest he was as small as five feet two. The average height for a Frenchman at the time was about five feet six. It should also be remembered that the aristocracy was thought to be taller; by saying that Bonaparte was small, people were declaring him low-class.
19
. Napoleon to Joseph,
Correspondance, Lettres Intime,
ed. Chevallier et al., 64.
20
. Elliott’s memoirs are unreliable, but this seems very likely.
21
. Napoleon,
Correspondance, Lettres Intime,
65.
22
. Barras,
Mémoires,
57–59.
23
. De Staël,
Correspondance,
II, 65.
24
. Marmont,
Mémoires,
II, 52.
25
. Josephine to Napoleon, October 28,
Impératrice Joséphine, Correspondance,
31.
26
. Bonazzi and Tulard, eds.,
Napoleon: Lettres d’amour à Josephine,
45.
27
. Ibid., 52.
28
. See Kate Williams,
England’s Mistress,
254.
29
. Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
85.
30
. Bertrand,
Cahiers,
I, 65.
31
. Rémusat,
Mémoires,
I, 247.
32
. Josephine to Mme. Renaudin, September 6, 1796,
Impératrice Joséphine, Correspondance,
47.
33
. Bertrand,
Cahiers,
I, 86.
34
. Ducrest,
Mémoires,
I, 137.
35
. Girod de l’Ain,
Désirée Clary,
91.
7.
“The Single Object in My Heart”
1
. Bertrand,
Cahiers,
I, 67.
2
. Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
86.
3
.
March 14, 1796, Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
49–50.
4
. Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
51–52.
5
. April 3, Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
54–55.
6
. Ibid.
7
. April 5, Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
55–56.
8
. April 7, Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
66.
9
. Ibid., 67.
10
. April 24, Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
66.
11
. Ibid., 63–64.
12
. Ibid.
13
. Ibid., 65.
14
. April 29, Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
61.
15
. June 15, Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
60.
16
. Ibid., 80.
17
. April 3, Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
56.
18
. Ibid., 60.
19
. May 13, Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
62.
20
. June 26, Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
60.
21
. April 17, Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
61.
22
. Duc de Raguse,
Mémoires de Maréchal Marmont,
I, 187.
23
. June 8, Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
70.
24
. Arnault,
Souvenirs,
392.
25
. Marmont,
Mémoires,
I, 87–88.
26
. Hastier,
Le Grand Amour de Josephine,
70.
27
.
Souvenirs et mémoires, recueil mensue; de documents
(Paris, 1898), I, 55.
28
. Henry Foljambe, 188.
29
. Napoleon,
Correspondance de Napoléon I,
II, 72.
30
. McLynn,
Napoleon,
147. In tearing the Catholic art out of context, Napoleon was denying religion. Also, Britain might have had a superior naval power, but its art was unimpressive landscapes, horses and dogs hung on the Briton’s walls, and dreary Benjamin West was in charge of the Royal Academy.
31
. Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
75.
32
. Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
74–5.
33
. Napoleon,
Correspondance Générale,
I, 43.
8.
A Million Kisses
1
.
Impératrice Joséphine, Correspondance,
45.
2
. Antoine Hamelin,
Douze ans de ma vie,
11–12.
3
. Ibid., 15.
4
.
Impératrice Joséphine, Correspondance,
45.
5
. July 17, Bonazzi, 93–94.
6
.
Impératrice Joséphine, Correspondance,
45.
7
. July 21, Bonazzi, 97.
8
. Hamelin,
Douze ans de ma vie,
19.
9
.
October 17, Napoleon,
Lettres d’amour,
112–13.
10
. Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
113–14.
11
. Josephine to Mme. Renaudin, September 6, 1796,
Impératrice Joséphine, Correspondance,
47.
12
. November 21, Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
123.
13
. November 27, Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
127–28.
14
. November 28, Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour,
129.
15
. Tulard and Garros,
Itineraire de Napoleon,
89.
16
. Napoleon, November 19, 1796,
Correspondance de Napoléon I,
II, 1201.
17
. Miot de Melito,
Mémoires,
II, 174–75.
18
. Carron de Nisas,
Mémoires,
I, 78.
19
. Abrantès,
Mémoires,
66.
20
. Bourrienne,
Mémoires,
I, 45.