Read All the King's Men Online
Authors: Robert Penn Warren
Tags: #Classics, #Historical, #Politics, #Pulitzer
For years I had condemned her as a woman without heart, who loved merely power over men and the momentary satisfaction to vanity or flesh which they could give her, who lived in a strange loveless oscillation between calculation and instinct. And my mother, realizing a condemnation of her, but without, perhaps, realizing its nature, had done everything she could to hold me and to throttle the condemnation. What she could do to me was to use the force which she was able to use on other men. I resisted and resented this but I wanted to be loved by her and at the same time I was drawn by the force, for she was a vital and beautiful woman by whom I was drawn and by whom I was repelled, whom I condemned and of whom I was proud. But the change came.
The first hint was in the wild, silvery scream which filled the house when the word of Judge Irwin’s death was received. That scream rang in my ears for many months, but it had faded away, lost in the past and the corruption of the past, by the time she called me back to Burden’s Landing to tell me that she was going to go away. Then I knew that she was telling the truth. And I felt at peace with her and with myself.
I did not say why to myself at the moment when she told me or even the next day when we stood on the cement platform and waited for the train, or even when I stood there alone and watched the last smudge of smoke fade to the west. Not did I say why to myself when I sat alone that night in the house which had been Judge Irwin’s house but which was now mine. I had closed up my mother’s house that afternoon, had put the key under the mat on the gallery, and had left it for good.
Judge Irwin’s house had the odor of dust and disuse and close air. In the afternoon I opened all the windows and left them open while I went down to the Landing for some supper. When I got back and turned the lights on, it seemed more like the house which I remembered from all the years. But sitting there in the study, with the damp, sweet-heavy night air coming in through the windows, I did not say to myself why I now felt so fully at peace with myself. I thought of my mother and I felt the peace and the relief and the new sense of the world.
After a while I got up and walked out of the house and down the Row. It was a very calm, clear night with scarcely a sibilance from the water on the shingle of the beach, and the bay was bright under the stars. I walked down the Row until I came to the Stanton house. There was a light on in the little back sitting room, a dim light as though from a reading lamp. I looked at the house for a couple of minutes and then entered the gate and walked up the path.
The screen door of the gallery was latched. But the main door of the hall inside the gallery was open, and looking across the gallery I could see down the hall to the place where a rectangle of light was laid on the floor from the open door of the back sitting room. I knocked on the frame of the screen door and waited.
In a moment Anne Stanton appeared in the patch of light down the hall.
“Who is it?” she called “It’s me,” I called back.
She came down the hall and across the gallery toward me. Then she was at the door, a thin, white-clad figure in the dimness beyond the screen. I started to say hello, but didn’t. And she did not speak, either, as she fumbled with the latch. Then the door was open and I stepped inside.
As I stood there, I caught the trace of the scent she used, and a cold hand compressed my heart.
“I didn’t know you’d let me in,” I said, trying to make it sound like a joke and trying to see her face in the shadow. I could only see the paleness in shadow and the gleam of her eyes.
“Of course I’d let you in,” she said.
“Well, I didn’t know,” I said, and gave a kind of laugh.
“Why?”
“Oh, the way I’ve behaved.”
We moved over to the swing on the gallery and sat down. The chains creaked, but we sat so still that the thing did not sway a hair’s breadth.
“What have you done?” she asked I fished for a cigarette, found one, and lighted it. I flicked the match out without looking at her face. “What have I done?” I repeated. “Well, it’s what I didn’t do. I didn’t answer your letter.”
“That’s all right,” she said. Then added reflectively, as though to herself, “That was a long time ago.”
“It was a long time back, six months, seven months. But I did worse than not answering it,” I said. “I didn’t even read it. I just set it up on my bureau and never even opened it.”
She didn’t say anything to that. I took a few drags on the cigarette and waited but there wasn’t a word.
“It came at the wrong time,” I said finally. “It came at a time when everything and everybody–even Anne Stanton–looked just alike to me and didn’t give a damn. You know what I mean?”
“Yes,” she said.
“Like hell you do,” I said.
“Maybe I do,” she said quietly.
“Not the way I mean. You couldn’t.”
“Maybe.”
“Well, anyway that was the way it was. Everything and everybody looked alike. I didn’t even feel sorry for anybody. I didn’t even feel sorry for myself.”
“I never asked you to feel sorry for me,” she said fiercely. “In the letter or anywhere else.”
“No,” I said slowly, “I don’t reckon you did.”
“I never asked you that.”
“I know,” I said, and fell silent for a moment. Then said: “I came up here to tell you I don’t feel that way any more. I had to tell somebody–I had to say it out loud–to be sure it’s true. But it is true.”
I waited in the silence, which remained unbroken until I began again.
“It’s my mother,” I said. “You know,” I said, “how it always was with us. How we didn’t get along. How I thought that she–”
“Don’t!” Anne burst out. “Don’t! I don’t want to hear you talk that way. What makes you so bitter? What do you talk that way for? Your mother, Jack, and that poor old man your father!”
“He’s not my father,” I said.
“Not your father!”
“No,” I said, and sitting there in the motionless swing on the dark gallery, I told her what there was to tell about the pale-haired and famish-checked girl who had come down from Arkansas, and tried to tell her what my mother had finally given back to me. I tried to tell her how if you could not accept the past and its burden there was no future, for without one there cannot be the other, and how if you could accept the past you might hope for the future, for only out of the past can you make the future.
I tried to tell her that.
Then, after a long silence, she said, “I believe that, for if I had not come to believe it I could not have lived.”
We did not talk any more. I smoked another half a pack of cigarettes, sitting there in the swing in the dark with the summer air heavy and damp and almost sick-sweet around us, and trying to catch the sound of her breath in the silence. Then after a long time I said good night, and went down the Row to my father’s house.
This has been the story of Willie Stark, but it is my story, too. For I have a story. It is the story of a man who lived in the world and to him the world looked one way for a long time and then it looked another and very different way. The change did not happen all at once. Many things happened, and that man did not know when he had any responsibility for them and when he did not. There was, in fact, a time when he came to believe that nobody had any responsibility for anything and there was no god but the Great Twitch.
At first that thought was horrible to him when it was forced on him by what seemed the accident of circumstance, for it seemed to rob him of a memory by which, unconsciously, he had lived; but then a little later it gave him a sort of satisfaction, because it meant that he could not be called guilty of anything, not even of having squandered happiness or of having killed his father, or of having delivered his two friends into each other’s hands and death.
But later, much later, he woke up one morning to discover that he did not believe in the Great Twitch any more. He did not believe in it because he had seen too many people live and die. He had seen Lucy Stark and Sugar-Boy and the Scholarly Attorney and Sadie Burke and Anne Stanton live and the ways of their living had nothing to do with the Great Twitch. He had seen his father die. He had seen his friend Adam Stanton die. He had seen his friend Willie Stark die, and he had heard him say his last breath, “It might have been all different, Jack. You got to believe that.”
He had seen his two friends, Willie Stark and Adam Stanton, live and die. Each had killed the other. Each had been the doom of the other. As a student of history, Jack Burden could see that Adam Stanton, whom he came to call the man of idea, and Willie Stark, whom he came to call the man of fact, were doomed to destroy each other, just as each was doomed to try to use the other and to yearn toward and try to become the other, because each was incomplete with the terrible division of their age. But at the same time Jack Burden came to see that his friend had been doomed, he saw that though doomed they had nothing to do with any doom under the godhead of the Great Twitch. They were doomed, but they lived in the agony of will. As Hugh Miller (once Attorney General under Willie Stark and much later Jack Burden’s friend) said to him when they were discussing the theory of the moral neutrality of history: “History is blind, but man is not.” (It looks as though Hugh will get back into politics, and when he does I’ll be along to hold his coat. I’ve had some valuable experience in that line.)
So now I, Jack Burden, live in my father’s house. In one sense it is strange that I should be here, for the discovery of truth had one time robbed me of the past and had killed my father. But in the end the truth gave the past back to me. So I live in the house which my father left me. With me is my wife, Anne Stanton, and the old man who was once married to my mother. When a few months ago I found him sick in the room above the Mexican restaurant, what could I do but to bring him here? (Does he think that I am his son? I cannot be sure. Nor can I feel that it matters, for each of us is the son of a million fathers.)
He is very feeble. Now and then he has the strength to play a game of chess, as he used to play with his friend Montague Irwin long ago in the long room in the white house by the sea. He used to be a very good chess player, but now his attention wanders. Or on good days now he sits in the sunshine. He can read his Bible a little. He is not strong enough to write any more, but occasionally he dictated something to me or Anne for a tract which is he is writing.
Yesterday he dictated this to me: The creation of man whom God in His foreknowledge knew doomed to sin was the awful index of God’s omnipotence. For it would have been a thing of trifling and contemptible ease for Perfection to create mere perfection. To do so would, to speak truth, be not creation but extension. Separateness is identity and the only way for God to create, truly create, man was to make him separate from God Himself, and to be separate from God is to be sinful. The creation of evil is therefore the index of God’s glory and His power. That had to be so that the creation of good might be the index of man’s glory and power. But by God’s help. By His help and His wisdom.
He turned to me when he had spoken the last word, stared at me, and then said, “Did you put that down?”
“Yes,” I replied Staring at me, he said with sudden violence, “It is true. I know it is true. Do you know it?”
I nodded my head and said yes (I did so to keep his mind untroubled, but later I was not certain but that in my own way I did believe what he had said.)
He kept on looking at me, after I had spoken, then said quietly, “Since that thought came into my mind my soul has been still. I have had it in my mind for three days. I have held it there to be sure by the test of my soul before I spoke it.”
He will never finish the tract. His strength fails visibly from day to day. The doctor says he will not last the winter.
By the time he is dead I shall be ready to leave the house. For one thing, the house is heavily mortgaged. Judge Irwin’s affairs, at the time of his death, were tangled, and in the end it developed that he was not rich but poor. Once before, almost twenty-five years before, it had been heavily mortgaged. But then it had been saved by a crime. A good man had committed a crime to save it. I should not be too complacent because I am not prepared to commit a crime to save the house. Perhaps my unwillingness to commit a crime to save the house (assuming that I should have the opportunity–which is doubtful) is simply a way of saying that I do not love the house as much as Judge Irwin loved it and a man’s virtue may be but the defect of his desire, as his crime may be but a function of his virtue.
Nor should I be complacent because I tried to make amends, in a way, for a crime which my father had committed. What little money did come to me from my father’s estate should go, I thought, to Miss Littlepaugh in her foul, fox-smelling room in Memphis. So I went to Memphis. But I found that she was dead. So I was denied that inexpensive satisfaction in virtue. I should have to get whatever satisfaction I was to get in a more expensive way.
But I still had the money, and so I am spending it to live on while I write the book I began years ago, the life of Cass Mastern, whom once I could not understand but whom, perhaps, I now may come to understand. I suppose that there is some humor in the fact that while I write about Cass Mastern I live in the house of Judge Irwin and eat bread bought with his money. For Judge Irwin and Cass Mastern do not resemble each other very closely. (If Judge Irwin resembles any Mastern it is Gilbert, the granite-headed brother of Cass.) But I do not find the humor in this situation very funny. The situation is too much like the world in which we live from birth to death, and the humor of it grows stale from repetition. Besides, Judge Irwin was my father and he was good to me and, in a way, he was a man and I loved him.
When the old man is dead and the book is finished, I shall let the First and Third National Bank take the house and I don’t care who lives here afterward, for from that day it will be nothing to me but a well-arranged pile of brick and lumber. Anne and I shall never live here again, not in the house or at the Landing. (She doesn’t want to live here any more than I do. She has let her place go to the Children’s Home she was interested in and I imagine it will become a kind of sanatorium. She’s not very complacent about having done that. With Adam dead the place was not a joy but a torture to her, and the gift of the house was finally her gift to the ghost of Adam, a poor gift humbly offered, like the handful of wheat or a painted pot in the tomb, to comfort the ghost and send it on its way so that it would trouble the living no longer.)