All Hell Let Loose (125 page)

Canaris, Adm. Wilhelm, 113

Canberra
, HMAS (cruiser), 256–7

Capano, John, 401

Carnera, Primo, 111

Caroline Islands, 439

Carton de Wiart, Maj.Gen. Adrian, 7, 22, 49–50

Cartwright, Jim, 534

Carullo, Anthony, 402

Caruso, Lt. Patrick, 636

Casablanca Conference (1943), 432, 442, 484

Cash-and-Carry Bill (US, 1939), 185

Castlerosse, Valentine Edward Charles Browne, Viscount, 39

Catroux, Gen. Georges, 128

Caucasus: Germans drive for oilfields, 302–3, 306

Cazalet, Capt. Peter, 210

Chaiko, Igor, 313

Chamberlain, Neville: announces declaration of war, 9; and British guarantees to Poland, 15; reluctance to wage war, 17; non-intervention in Finnish winter war, 35; opposes violation of Norwegian neutrality, 39; and conduct of Norway campaign, 49–51; resigns premiership, 52–3; hopes for US involvement in war, 186

Channel Islands (British), 340, 575

Chappell, William, 330

Charlemagne Division (French Waffen SS), 625–6

Charlton, George, 287

Chauvel, Jean, 69

Cheek, Tom, 250

Chennault, Claire, 221

Cherkassy, 395

Chetniks (Yugoslavia), 465–8

Chevalier-Paul
(French super-destroyer), 127

Chiang Kai-shek, 191, 193, 222–3, 427–9, 560, 634

Childers, Lloyd, 249

Chin Kee On, 499

Chin Peng, 415

China: Japanese war in, xvi, 191–2, 427, 429, 432, 634; and Burma Road, 218, 222; offers military aid in Burma, 222–3; Japanese troops diverted to, 260, 428; food shortages, 349; internal divisions and conflict, 427–8; supply routes, 427; Japanese biological experiments in, 428–9; wartime casualties, 428–9, 669; ‘comfort women’ for Japanese, 429–31; Japanese behaviour in, 429–32; in reconquest of Burma, 634; communist takeover thwarted at war’s end, 658–9

Chindits, 434–5, 634

Chindwin river, 224–5, 411, 563, 634

Chrystal, Capt. Charles, 120

Chuikov, Gen. Vasily: in Finnish war, 33; at Stalingrad, 308–11, 320

Churchill, (Sir) Winston S.: and Jewish suffering, xvii; and prospective war with Soviet Russia, 15; urges French to launch offensive, 17; and Finnish winter war, 35–6; and early naval actions, 38; advocates Norway expedition, 41, 49, 51; succeeds Chamberlain as prime minister, 52–3; meets Weygand in France, 63; approves evacuation of French soldiers at Dunkirk, 66; defiance, 72–3, 77, 79, 90, 101–2, 124, 661; sends relief force to France, 72–3; speech to Commons (18 June 1940), 78; orders bombardment of French fleet, 81; and invasion threat to Britain, 91; refuses peace negotiations, 99; undefined war aims, 102; impatience with Wavell, 109, 270; and occupation of Iraq, 124; and occupation of Syria, 125, 128; and conduct of North Africa campaign, 128–9, 132; shocked at fall of Tobruk, 138; meets Roosevelt in Washington: (June 1940), 138; (December 1941), 199; urges support for Russia, 147; hopes for US involvement in war, 186–7, 189; on Japanese threat, 197; concentrates Empire’s forces in Middle East, 203; on Japanese jungle warfare skills, 208; urges last-ditch resistance in Singapore, 212–13; and fall of Singapore, 214–15; dismay at soldiers’ irresolution, 215; and effect of loss of Empire in South-East Asia, 227; on effect of convoy system, 272; on U-boat threat, 273, 275; supports Allied supplies for Russia, 284, 290, 293; Anders complains to of Russian behaviour, 305; encourages special forces and actions, 325; enjoys war, 327; ideals, 335; and limiting food imports to Greece, 352; Mediterranean strategy, 364, 454; and North African defeats, 366; impatience for Eighth Army offensive, 369; decrees
Torch
landings in North Africa, 375; celebrates victory in North Africa, 380; claims popular international support, 398; imperialism, 408; and India’s economic buoyancy, 416; denies relief for Bengal famine, 423–5; criticises British campaign in Far East, 433–4; praises Chindits, 434; granted choice of when to invade, 442; and invasion of Italy, 443, 528; supports campaign in Italy, 454; supports Yugoslav actions against Germans, 464; favours Tito’s forces in Yugoslavia, 466; on bomber offensive against Germany, 476–7, 483; fails to dismiss Harris, 494; refuses to consider post-war social reform before victory, 503; reservations over bombing of French rail links, 531; delays invasion of Europe, 533; and recapture of Burma, 559–60, 633, 635; disbelieves speedy victory in autumn 1944, 576; and European post-war settlement, 612; and development of atom bomb, 647; and wartime Grand Alliance, 659; achievements, 661, 663; embraces Russian alliance, 661

Ciano, Count Galeazzo: and Polish resistance to Germany, 2; on French campaign against German advance, 68; and Italian attack on Greece, 116

Claflin, William, 186

Clague, John, 219

Clark, Gen. Mark, 451, 530, 595

Clarke, Senator D. Worth, 191

Classon, Jack, 28

Clements, Capt. Martin, 254

Cobra
, Operation, 554

Cochrane, Air Vice-Marshal Sir Ralph, 478–9

Cole, David, 446

Colossus (electronic computer), 368

commanders: assessed, 666–9

commandos, 326

communism, 660

Compass
, Operation, 110–11

Compton, Capt. John, 445

concentration camps: German, 505–6; inmates killed at war’s end, 620–1;
see also
death camps

Condor Legion (German): in Spain, 471

Conrath, Gen. Paul, 445, 447

convoys: system introduced, 272; ship losses, 273, 275, 282–3; frequency, 275; U-boat attacks on, 280–2, 284; Arctic to Soviet Russia, 284–93; to Malta, 295–6;
see also
PQ16; PQ17; PQ18

Cook, Sgt. Charles, 234

Cookman, Mary Carson, 198

Cooper, Lady Diana, 202, 206, 415

Cooper, Duff, 208

Coral Sea, Battle of (1942), 237–41, 245, 264, 306, 669

Cork and Orrery, Adm. William Henry Dudley Boyle, 12th Earl of, 49

Corregidor island, 234–5

Corti, Lt. Eugenio, 318–19, 459, 662

corvettes, 272

Coughlin, Father Charles, 190

Courland (Latvia), 550, 615

Coventry: bombed, 93

Cox, F/Sgt. Charles, 325

Crace, Rear-Adm. John, 237

Crafter, Ron, 478

Craig, Corp. Jack, 264

Craig, Lt. Norman, 334, 371, 542–3

Crawford, William, 327

Cree, Brig. G.H., 411

Crete, 116, 122–3, 128

Crimea: German success in, 300–1, 304; Schörner defends, 526

Cripps, Sir Stafford, 419

Croatia: hostility to Serbs, 405, 465, 469

Crook, Dick, 86

Crook, Phyllis, 343–4

Cropper, Corp. John, 554, 631

Croudson, Henry, 28

Crowell, Lt. Dick, 245

Crusader
, Operation, 128, 131, 135

Csescy, Imre, 599

Cullen, Lance Bombardier Morry, 119

Cunningham, Gen. Alan, 109–10, 128–9

Cunningham, Adm. Sir Andrew: shortage of air cover in Mediterranean, 105; ship losses at Crete, 123; Taranto victory, 294; qualities, 667

Curtin, John, 213, 222

Cutter, Pvt., 332

Cyprus, 116

Czechoslovakia: Germany annexes, 8; arms supply, 141; Russians occupy, 611

 

 

D-Day
see
Normandy

Dahl, Roald, 127

Dakar: Gaullist attempt on, 125

Daladier, Edouard: promises aid to Finland, 36; favours cutting off German iron ore supplies from Sweden, 39; resigns, 41; criticises British, 50

Darby, Col. Bill, 451

Darwin, Australia: bombed by Japanese, 400

Das, Arangamohan, 422

Dauntless dive-bombers (US), 240, 250–1

Davidson, Maj. Basil, 466

Davidson, Pvt. Ron, 329

Davies, Bob, 96–7

Davies, Norman, 2

Davin, Lt. Dan, 119

Davis, Pilot Officer Donald, 10

Daw Sein, 218

Dawley, Maj.Gen. Mike, 452

D’Cruz, Emily, 226

death camps (German), 502, 507, 512, 514, 516, 518–20;
see also
concentration camps

Deck, Josef, 167

Decoux, Adm. Jean, 407

decryption: of enemy messages, 123;
see also
Ultra intercepts

Dees, Joe, 188

Deng Yumin, 430

Denmark: Germany occupies, 45; Jews protected from deportation, 404; agricultural supplies to Germany, 504; Allies protect from Russian advance, 611, 613

Dennis, First Lt. Alec, 286

Denny, Chief Officer C.B., 277

Dentz, Gen. Henri, 127–8

De Ruyter
(Dutch cruiser), 217

Deseö, László, 604

Desplats, Lt. Jacques, 72

Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung
(newspaper), 14

de Valera, Éamon, 399, 653

Devastators (US torpedo bombers), 240, 248–9

Devers, Lt.Gen. Jake, 579, 581, 586

Diadem
, Operation, 259

Dick, Shirley Karp, 354

Didier family (of Sainlez), 592

Dieppe: raid (1942), 326

Diercks, Lt. Lyman, 543, 631

Dill, Gen. Sir John, 105

Diller, Pfc Eric, xix

Dior, Christian, 404

displaced persons: at war’s end, 654

Dixon, Lt.Cdr. Bob, 238

Djilas, Milovan, 466–8, 608, 629

Dnieper river, Russia, 306, 382–3, 393, 394, 525

Dodecanese campaign (1943), 298

Doe, Bob, 84

Don, river, 302–3, 384

Dönitz, Grand-Adm. Karl, 273–4, 279, 283, 306, 630

Doolittle, Col. James, 237, 429

Doorman, Adm. Karel, 217

Dora (German heavy gun), 300–1

Dorfman, Harold, 471, 477

Dorman-Smith, Sir Reginald, 219

Dose, Wolf, 176–7

Douglas, Keith, 364, 370, 373

Dowding, Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh, 82, 86–8

Doyle, Janet, 354

Drake, Billy, 85

Dresden: bombed, 493, 610 & n; Red Army reaches, 612, 618

Dressler, Erich, 448, 453

Drobiński, Bolesław, 84

Drummond, Irene, 213

Dugan, Haynes, 363

Dugdale, Blanche, 514

Dunand, Jean-Louis, 71–2

Dunkirk: evacuation (1940), 54, 64–7

Dunlop, Lt.Col. Edward (‘Weary’), 216–17

Durham Light Infantry: in Sicily, 447

Dutch East Indies: refugees from Singapore, 211; Japanese attack, 217–18; nationalist movement, 658; execution of Japanese war criminals, 671

Dworsky, Lt. Bertha, 233

Dyess, Capt. William, 233

 

 

East Solomons, Battle of (24 August 1943), 261

Eben Emael fort, Belgium, 53

Ebisawa, Petty Officer Kisao, 672

Eden, Anthony (
later
1st Earl of Avon): sounds out army morale, 90; and Polish refugees, 498; meets Karski, 516; and Anders’ bitterness at war’s end, 654; and Stalin’s control, 665

Eder dam, 481–2

Egypt: British position in, 107–8, 364; Italy attacks, 109; Wavell mounts offensive, 110; threatened by Rommel, 115, 137, 364–5; conditions, 134; anti-British sentiments, 414–15;
see also
Alexandria; Cairo

Ehrenburg, Ilya, 385

Eichelberger, Lt.Gen. Robert, 266, 574

Eighth Army: in North Africa, 128, 130–2, 133–4, 137; lacks confidence in higher commanders, 132; motivation and low morale, 364–5; Montgomery commands, 366, 369–70; Churchill demands offensive, 369; Alamein victory and advance westward, 372–4; in Italian campaign, 451

Einsatzgruppen (Nazi death squads), 508–9

Eisenhower, Gen. Dwight: foresees US entering war, 185; on Wainwright and MacArthur, 235; promoted to general, 326; negotiates ceasefire with Vichy French in North Africa, 376; command in North Africa, 378–9; reputation, 439; suppresses US atrocity story in Sicily, 446; overrules Clark at Salerno, 451; approves bombing of French targets, 531–2; as Supreme Commander for invasion of Europe, 531–3; forces established in Normandy, 535–6; assumes operational command of Anglo-American forces, 557; military strength in Europe, 564, 611; over-optimism, 577; strategy in NW Europe, 579, 584, 594; competition among subordinates, 582; held up by weather, 585; manpower shortage, 585; winter conditions of armies, 589; restores front after Ardennes battle, 594; advance into Germany, 605, 608; entrusts final stages of campaign to Montgomery, 610; abandons Berlin as objective, 611; insists on unconditional German surrender, 630; qualities, 667

Eisymont, Vyacheslav, 617

El Alamein: British defensive line, 138, 365; Montgomery’s victory at, 298; First Battle of (1 July 1942), 366; Second Battle of (October 1942), 371–2

Elbe, river, 612

Elliott, Capt. David, 329, 335

el-Masri, Gen. Aziz, 414

Engel, Col. Georg, 76

Engelbrecht, Gen. Erich, 44

Engineer, Miroo, 417

England, Len, 124, 328, 515

Enigma: Allies capture from Germans, 367

Enola Gay
(B-29 Superfortress), 650

Eppler, Hans, 414

Epsom
, Operation, 554

Eriksen, Col. Birger, 44

Eritrea, 109

Esders, Wilhelm (‘Doc’), 248

Esperance, Cape, 261

Estonia: anti-Russian actions, 145; and extermination of Jews, 611

Europe: post-war settlement, 611–12

euthanasia: as Nazi policy, 507

evacuees (British), 28

Evans, Redd and John Jacob Loeb: ‘Rosie the Riveter’ (song), 353

 

 

Fahmy, Hikmet, 414

Falaise Gap, Normandy, 530, 555–6

famines: in British Empire, 351, 422–5

Farouk, King of Egypt, 107, 414

Farrell, Capt. Charles, 540

Farrow, Ernie, 69

fascists: interned in Britain, 29

Feiner, S/Sgt. Harold, 234

Feldt, Gen. Kurt, 71

Felix, Charles, 606

Fellers, Col. Bonner, 130, 571

Fenet, Henri, 625–6

Fennema, S/Sgt. Harold, 330, 359

Ferguson, George, 235

Ferińć, Mirosław, 12

Fermi, Enrico, 646

Fermi, Laura, 646