Adventures in the Orgasmatron (79 page)

2.
Sigmund Freud, “On the History of the Psycho-Analytic Movement” (1914),
The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud
, ed. and trans. James Strachey (London: Hogarth Press, 1971), 14:34.

3.
Ellen Siersted,
Wilhelm Reich in Denmark
(San Francisco: Reich Archive West, 1977), 2.

4.
Reich,
People in Trouble
, 209.

5.
Siersted,
Wilhelm Reich in Denmark
, 3.

6.
Wilhelm Reich,
The Mass Psychology of Fascism
, ed. Mary Higgins and Chester M. Raphael (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1970), 17.

7.
Ibid., 30.

8.
Reich,
People in Trouble
, 166.

9.
Wolfgang Schivelbusch,
Three New Deals: Reflections on Roosevelt’s America, Mussolini’s Italy, and Hitler’s Germany, 1933–1939
(New York: Picador, 2007), 63.

10.
Dagmar Herzog,
Sex After Fascism: Memory and Morality in Twentieth-Century Germany
(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2005), 25.

11.
Ibid., 26.

12.
Ibid., 32.

13.
Dagmar Herzog, ed.,
Sexuality and German Fascism
(New York: Berghahn, 2005), 19.

14.
Herbert Marcuse,
Technology, War, and Fascism
, ed. Douglas Kellner (London: Routledge, 1998), 90. Dagmar Herzog has argued that, on the surface at least, by the late 1930s the Nazis were thought by many to be sexual libertarians (Reich would no doubt have questioned the depth of their pleasure).

15.
Reich,
People in Trouble
, 199.

16.
Ibid., 200.

17.
Ibid., 204.

18.
Siersted,
Wilhelm Reich in Denmark
, 4.

19.
Myron Sharaf,
Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich
(London: Hutchinson, 1984), 185.

20.
Reimer Jensen and Henning Paikin, “On Psychoanalysis in Denmark,”
Scandinavian Psychoanalytic Review
3 (1980): 106.

21.
Siersted,
Wilhelm Reich in Denmark
, 3.

22.
James Harvey Young,
The Medical Messiahs: A Social History of Health Quackery in Twentieth-Century America
(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1967), 194.

23.
In 1935, after Magnus Hirschfeld’s death, Leunbach, under Reich’s influence, dissolved the World League for Sexual Reform after a dispute with the other surviving president. Leunbach and Reich believed that the league should join the revolutionary labor movement, but Norman Haire, in London, thought that sex reform should be independent of any party allegiance.

24.
Siersted,
Wilhelm Reich in Denmark
, 4.

25.
Ibid.

26.
Ibid.

27.
Riccardo Steiner,
It Is a New Kind of Diaspora: Explorations in the Sociopolitical and Cultural Context of Psychoanalysis
(London: Karnac Books, 2000), 154.

28.
Reich,
People in Trouble
, 210.

29.
Steiner,
It Is a New Kind of Diaspora
, 154.

30.
Elizabeth Ann Danto,
Freud’s Free Clinics: Psychoanalysis and Social Justice, 1918–1938
(New York: Columbia University Press, 2005), 270.

31.
Reich,
People in Trouble
, 214–15.

32.
Digne Meller-Marcovicz, director,
Wilhelm Reich: Viva Little Man
(2004). The footage of Lindenberg was shot in 1986.

33.
Lilian Karina and Marion Kant,
Hitler’s Dancers: German Modern Dance and the Third Reich
, trans. Jonathan Steinberg (New York: Berghahn, 2003), 54–55.

34.
Karl Eric Toepfer,
Empire of Ecstasy: Nudity and Movement in German Body Culture, 1910–1935
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 152.

35.
Sharaf,
Fury on Earth
, 195.

36.
Ibid., 200.

37.
Karina and Kant,
Hitler’s Dancers
, 55.

38.
Reich,
People in Trouble
, 216.

39.
Ibid., 216.

40.
Ibid., 222.

41.
Ibid., 227.

42.
Ibid., 242.

43.
Danto,
Freud’s Free Clinics
, 8.

44.
Jacoby,
Repression of Psychoanalysis
, 88.

45.
Benjamin Harris and Adrian Brock, “Otto Fenichel and the Left Opposition in Psychoanalysis,”
Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences
27 (1991): 599.

46.
Lore Reich, “Wilhelm Reich and Anna Freud: His Expulsion from Psychoanalysis,”
International Forum of Psychoanalysis
12, nos. 2 and 3 (September 2003): 109–17.

47.
Ernest Jones,
The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud
(New York: Basic Books, 1957), 3:193.

48.
Peter Heller,
A Child Analysis with Anna Freud
(Madison, Conn.: International Universities Press, 1990), 340.

49.
Elisabeth Young-Bruehl,
Anna Freud: A Biography
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008), 193.

50.
Author interview with Lore Reich Rubin, October 2004.

51.
Sharaf,
Fury on Earth
, 251.

52.
Heller,
Child Analysis
, xxvii.

53.
Ibid., xxv.

54.
Ibid.

55.
Sharaf,
Fury on Earth
, 200.

56.
Sanford Gifford, Daniel Jacobs, and Vivien Goldman, eds.,
Edward Bibring Photographs the Psychoanalysts of His Time, 1932–1938
(London: Taylor and Francis, 2005).

57.
Steiner,
It Is a New Kind of Diaspora
, 177.

58.
Reich,
People in Trouble
, 248.

59.
Jacoby,
Repression of Psychoanalysis
, 84–85.

60.
It was reported to Reich that Anna Freud said afterwards, “A great injustice has been done here,” but this utterance so closely echoes Jones’s record of Anna Freud’s first-ever public utterance at a psychoanalytic congress (in 1927) that it seems likely that the two occasions were confused. Many years later, when Anna Freud was asked for her opinion on Reich, she simply said, “A genius or…,” confident that the listener would fill in the blank. See Sharaf,
Fury on Earth
, 202.

61.
Siersted,
Reich in Denmark
, 8; Reich,
People in Trouble
, 245.

62.
Sharaf,
Fury on Earth
, 187.

63.
Ibid., 194.

64.
Paul Roazen and Bluma Swerdloff,
Heresy: Sandor Rado and the Psychoanalytic Movement
(Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1995), 84.

65.
Ibid.

66.
Wilhelm Reich,
Beyond Psychology: Letters and Journals, 1934–1939
, ed. Mary Higgins (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1994), 3.

67.
Wilhelm Reich,
Selected Writings: An Introduction to Orgonomy
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1973), 120.

68.
Wilhelm Reich,
Character Analysis
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1972), 346.

69.
Sharaf,
Fury on Earth
, 188.

70.
Reich,
People in Trouble
, 250.

71.
In January 1954, Reich sought revenge on all those who had accused him of madness and immorality at Lucerne by compiling a long list of alleged psychoanalytic indiscretions (whether it is accurate or not is impossible to tell): “Ernest Jones slept with Alexander’s wife during the Innsbruck Congress in 1927. Schjelderup slept with Bodil Tanberg, a patient of his. Zilboorg slept with Elizabeth Badgeley, also a patient. Feitelberg…fucked at Grundlsee like a rabbit, without love and with much joking.” See statement dated 1954, Aurora Karrer Reich Collection, National Library of Medicine.

72.
Edith Jacobson, oral history interview (1971), A. A. Brill Library, New York Psychoanalytic Institute.

73.
Ibid.

74.
Jacoby,
Repression of Psychoanalysis
, 82.

Five

1.
Wilhelm Reich,
People in Trouble
, volume 2 of
The Emotional Plague of Mankind
, trans. Philip Schmitz (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1976), 251.

2.
Anthony Heilbut,
Exiled in Paradise: German Refugee Artists and Intellectuals in America from the 1930s to the Present
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 43.

3.
Ibid., 440.

4.
Ernest Jones,
The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud
(New York: Basic Books, 1957), 1:272.

5.
Wilhelm Reich,
The Function of the Orgasm
(New York: Orgone Institute Press, 1942), 371.

6.
Ibid., 274.

7.
Ellen Siersted,
Wilhelm Reich in Denmark
(San Francisco: Reich Archive West, 1977), 14.

8.
Reich,
People in Trouble
, 259.

9.
Reich,
Function of the Orgasm
, 377.

10.
Digne Meller-Marcovicz, director,
Wilhelm Reich: Viva Little Man
(2004).

11.
Wilhelm Reich,
Beyond Psychology: Letters and Journals, 1934–1939
, ed. Mary Higgins (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1994), 39–40.

12.
Ibid., 56.

13.
Ibid.

14.
Ibid., 80.

15.
Claire Fenichel, Otto Fenichel’s wife, claims to have taught Lindenberg the principles of body work. See Claire Fenichel, oral history interview (May 1, 1984), Boston Psychoanalytic Society and Institute.

16.
Reich,
Beyond Psychology
, 109.

17.
See Robert Darnton,
Mesmerism and the End of the Enlightenment in France
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1968).

18.
Reich,
Function of the Orgasm
, 271.

19.
Siersted,
Wilhelm Reich in Denmark
, 7.

20.
Randolf Alnæs, “The Development of Psychoanalysis in Norway: An Historical Overview,”
Scandinavian Psychoanalytic Review
3 (1980): 59.

21.
A. S. Neill,
The New Summerhill
, ed. Albert Richard Lamb (London: Penguin Books, 1992), 282.

22.
Ibid., 282.

23.
A. S. Neill,
Neill! Neill! Orange Peel! An Autobiography
(New York: Hart, 1972), 190.

24.
Ibid., 189–90.

25.
A. S. Neill,
All the Best, Neill: Letters from Summerhill
, ed. Jonathan Croall (London: André Deutsch, 1983), 112.