A Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954-1962 (131 page)

Egypt,
67
,
85
,
129
,
158
,
161–4
,
264
,
247
;
see also
Cairo

Eisenhower, Dwight D.,
46
,
67
,
161
,
247
,
312
,
383
,
553

elections and referendums: in Algeria,
33
,
70–3
,
108
,
156
,
304–5
,
408
,
434–435
,
531
; in France,
124
,
126
,
434–5
,
528–9

El-Halia,
120–1
,
144

Eliane
1
(bastion),
168

Elizabeth II, Queen,
364

El-Kantara,
48

El-Milia,
119

Elsenhans, Hartmut:
Frankreichs Algerienkrieg
,
539

Ely, Paul,
281
,
290
,
292
,
309
,
358
,
374

Enghien, Duc d’,
459
n,
543–4

England,
see
Great Britain

Étoile Nord-Africaine,
39
,
409

Evian,
57
,
136
,
447
,
466–8
,
470–7
,
480
,
486
,
505–6
,
510–12
,
515
,
518–20
,
536
,
547
n

Evian Agreements,
520–3
,
528–9
,
531
,
533
,
537
,
540
,
550
,
554

Ewart-Biggs, Christopher,
16

Express, L
’,
125–6
,
203
,
232
,
466
,
501
,
542

Eydoux, Henri-Paul,
133

F.A.F. (Front de l’Algérie Française),
418–421
,
425
,
427–33
,
437
,
441
,
484

Fanon, Frantz,
139
,
135
,
140
,
151
,
206
,
221
,
232
,
251
,
400–2
,
404
,
535
,
559

Farès, Abderrahmane,
308
,
319
,
528
,
531–532
,
537

Faulkner, William,
54

Faure, Edgar,
107
,
66
,
108
,
112
,
116
,
123–124
,
126
,
151–2

Faure, Jacques,
180–1
,
274
,
343
,
360
,
373
,
438
,
441–2
,
444
,
454

Fauvet, Jacques,
306
,
333
,
445

Favrod, Charles-Henri,
51
,
57
,
303

Fechoz, Michel,
182
,
440

“federalism”,
123

Fédération de France,
236–7

Federation of Algerian Mayors,
58
,
181
,
187

Feraoun, Mouloud,
83
,
208
,
211
,
220
,
323
,
376
,
402–3
,
417
n,
430
,
507
,
513
,
517–18
,
520

Ferradj, Abdelkader,
153
,
183
,
185

Ferrandi, Jean,
420
,
440
,
453
,
481–2
,
489
,
517
n,
527–8

Ferry, Jules,
31

Figaro, Le
,
221
,
233
,
242–3
,
284
,
297
,
339
,
501

films:
La Battaglia di Algeri
,
15
,
167
,
185
n,555; news,
115
,
122
; banned,
116
; “Donald Duck”,
403
n;
nouvelle vague
,
415

First World War,
12
,
187–8
,
264
,
349
,
412

Flanner, Janet,
66
,
98
,
231
,
280
,
312
,
318
,
434
,
455
,
461
,
542

Flaubert, Gustave:
Salammbô
,
100

Flavinius, Marcus,
81

F.L.N. (Front de Libération Nationale): proclamation of
1
Nov 1954,
12
,
94–5
; secrecy, lack of records,
16
,
128
,
142
; rifts in leadership,
14
,
128
,
223–4
,
325
,
416
; inherits Messali’s ideals,
39
; Jews and,
59
,
140
,
145
,
410–11
; antecedents,
74–5
; founded,
79
; first casualty,
94
; early guerrilla operations,
103
,
111–12
,
117
,
120–3
,
153
,
176
; and fall of Mendès-France,
106
; moderates join,
111
; defections of “loyal” troops to,
112
,
124
,
138
; bans tobacco and alcohol,
112
; “collective responsibility” aids,
114
; war against civilians,
118–19
; and Philippeville massacres,
120–3
,
170
; U.N. and,
124
,
131
; and “civil truce”,
125
; conversion of M.N.A.,
128
,
136
; and P.C.A.,
128
,
136–8
,
145
; and international support,
124
,
129–30
; arms supplies to,
129
,
158
; proclamation of
1
April 1955,
133
; terrorises uncommited Muslims,
134–5
,
144
; initiation ritual,
134
; and U.G.T.A.,
138
; non-Muslim recruits,
139
; Abbas joins,
140–141
; figures of men, and of damage done,
141
; “interior” and “exterior”,
143–5
,
158
,
161
,
224
,
314
,
325
,
385
,
478
; military structure,
144–5
; political
v.
military,
145
; terms for peace negotiations,
145
; on French promises,
151
; and Palestro,
153
; French attempts to negotiate with,
155
,
157
,
161
; and land redistribution,
155
; dead soldiers displayed,
172
; and Battle of Algiers,
184
,
186
,
188
; calls general strike,
190
; defeat in Algiers,
219
; “defection” of Muslims from,
220
; and Mélouza massacre,
221–2
; threat of Arab/Kabyle split,
223
; Second C.N.R.A.,
226
; colonels ascendant,
230
; takes war to France,
236–7
; funds,
237–8
,
485
n,
539
,
541
; dismisses
loi-cadre
,
240
; “internationalised”,
242–4
; at U.N.,
244–7
,
464–5
; and Bourguiba,
248–9
; and Sakiet,
250
; and
harkis
,
254–5
; and
Oiseau Bleu
,
256–7
; defeat at Souk-Ahras,
266
; and
16
May fraternisation,
291
; and de Gaulle’s return,
299–300
; and the elections,
305
; rejects
paix des braves
,
307–8
,
313
,
320
; launches new offensive,
317–18
; Third C.N.R.A.,
328
,
385–6
; obtains respite,
329
; suffers from Challe Plan,
334–8
; ignores clemency measures,
341
; and “self-determination”,
348
,
387
; further terrorism,
352
; effect of “Barricades” on,
376
,
386
; de Gaulle misunderstands,
381
; and Melun negotiations,
394–6
; the only
interlocuteur valable
,
397
; in the maquis,
398
; wounded,
399–400
; politically thriving,
400
; and education,
403–4
; ideology,
404–7
; identifies with Yugoslavia,
406
; façade of unanimity of leadership,
408
; neutralises “the Bao-Dais”,
409–10
; resurgence of terrorism,
425
,
479
; backlash in Algiers,
430–2
; and Evian peace talks,
442
,
463
,
465–73
; calls strike against partition,
474
; applies pressure to Bourguiba,
475
; Fourth C.N.R.A.,
477–8
; hardliners ascendant,
478
; O.A.S. modelled on,
484
; responds to O.A.S.,
487
,
496–7
,
513
; negotiations with de Gaulle,
507
; and “Yeti” talks,
510–15
; Fifth C.N.R.A.,
519
; reprisals in Algiers,
530
; truce with O.A.S.,
530–1
; total casualty figures,
538
; under Ben Bella’s presidency,
540–1
; and war in retrospect,
546–8
; networks abroad,
554
; treasury,
556