The Liberty Amendments: Restoring the American Republic (29 page)

34
. Ibid., 157.

35
. 
United States v. Lopez
, 514 U.S. 549, 558–559 (1995) (internal citations omitted).

36
. Ibid., 619–20 (internal citations omitted).

37
. Ibid., 614.

38
. Ibid., 608.

39
. Ibid., 574.

40
. Ibid.

41
. Berger, “Judicial Manipulation of the Commerce Clause,” 715 (internal citations omitted).

42
. 
United States v. Morrison
, 529 U.S. 598, 617–618 (2000).

43
. Ibid., 658–59.

44
. 
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
, 567 U.S. __ (2012) (internal citations omitted).

45
. As an important aside, observe how judicial review today is mostly exercised to endorse expanded federal governmental authority.

46
. Milton Friedman,
Capitalism and Freedom
, 40th anniversary ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002), 8.

8. An Amendment to Protect Private Property

1
. John Locke,
The Second Treatise of Government
, Peter Laslett, ed., §138 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 360.

2
. William Blackstone,
Commentaries on the Laws of England
, 3rd ed., Thomas M. Cooley, ed., vol. 1 (Chicago: Callaghan, 1884), 138.

3
. Ibid.

4
. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay,
The Federalist Papers
, No. 54 (New York: Barnes & Noble Classics, 2006), 305.

5
. Ibid.

6
. Gouverneur Morris, “Political Enquiries,” University of Chicago,
The Founders’ Constitution
, Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., ch. 16, doc. 8,
http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/v1ch16s8.html
(April 18, 2013).

7
. Ibid.

8
. Ibid.

9
. Virginia Declaration of Rights §1 (1776).

10
. John Adams, “Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States,”
The Founders’ Constitution
, ch. 16, doc. 15,
http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/v1ch16s15.html
.

11
. U.S. Constitution, Fifth Amendment.

12
. See
Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council
, 505 U.S. 1003, 1028 (1992).

13
. 
Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon
, 260 U.S. 393, 415 (1922).

14
. 
Penn Central Transp. Co. v. New York City
, 438 U.S. 104, 124 (1978).

15
. Ibid.

16
. 
Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council
, 505 U.S. 1003, 1017 n. 8 (1992).

17
. 
Concrete Pipe and Products of California, Inc. v. Construction Laborers Pension Trust for Southern California
, 508 U.S. 602, 645 (1993).

18
. 
Lingle v. Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
, 544 U.S. 528, 538–539 (2005) (citing in part
Penn Central Transp. Co. v. New York City
, 438 U.S. 104, 124 (1978)).

19
. “Executive Order 12630: Governmental actions and interference with constitutionally protected property rights,” 53 Fed. Reg. 8859 (March 18, 1988).

20
. Report, “Regulatory Takings Implementation of Executive Order on Government Actions Affecting Private Property Use,” Government Accountability Office, September 2003,
http://www.gao.gov/assets/240/239832.pdf
(April 18, 2013).

9. An Amendment to Grant the States Authority to Directly Amend the Constitution

1
. U.S. Constitution, Art. V.

2
. “Measures Proposed to Amend the Constitution,” United States Senate,
http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/three_column_table/measures_proposed_to_amend_constitution.htm
(April 18, 2013).

3
. Woodrow Wilson,
Constitutional Government in the United States
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1908), 16.

4
. Ibid., 57.

5
. U.S. Constitution, Tenth Amendment.

6
. Mark R. Levin,
Liberty and Tyranny
(New York: Threshold Editions, 2009), 56.

7
. Ibid. (citing
Prigg v. Pennsylvania
, 41 U.S. 539 [1842] and
Dred Scott v. Sanford
, 60 U.S. 393 [1857]).

8
. 
Plessy v. Ferguson
, 163 U.S. 537 (1896).

9
. Charles Paul Freund, “Dixiecrats Triumphant: The Menacing Mr. Wilson,”
Reason
, Dec. 18, 2002,
http://reason.com/archives/2002/12/18/dixiecrats-triumphant
(April 18, 2013).

10
. Abraham Lincoln, “Speech at Lewistown, Illinois, Aug. 17, 1858,” in
The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln
, vol. 2 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953), 546–47.

11
. William P. Ruger and Jason Sorens, “Freedom in the 50 States: Third Edition (2013),” Mercatus Center, April 2013,
http://freedominthe50states.org/download/Freedom_50_States_2013_summary.pdf
(April 11, 2013).

12
. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay,
The Federalist Papers
(New York: Barnes & Noble Classics, 2006), 213–14.

13
. Ibid., 259.

14
. “Massachusetts Ratification Convention, Feb. 6, 1788,” in
Founding America: Documents from the Revolution to the Bill of Right
s (New York: Barnes & Noble, 2006), 591.

15
. Ibid., 592–93.

16
. Ibid., “Virginia Ratification Convention, June 27, 1788,” 594.

17
. Ibid., 595–97.

18
. Ibid., “New York Ratification Convention, July 26, 1788,” 601–604.

19
. James Madison, “Speech to Congress Proposing Constitutional Amendments,” in
Writings
, Jack N. Rakove, ed. (New York: Library of America, 1999), 438.

20
. Ibid., 449.

21
. Mark R. Levin,
Ameritopia
(New York: Threshold Editions, 2011), 185–86.

22
. Levin
, Liberty and Tyranny
, 193.

23
. Madison,
The Federalist Papers
, 288.

24
. U.S. Constitution, Art. V.

25
. Madison,
Writings
, 364.

10. An Amendment to Grant the States Authority to Check Congress

1
. Joseph Story,
Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States
, vol. 3, §1821, University of Chicago,
The Founders’ Constitution
, Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds.,
http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/a5s12.html
(April 19, 2013).

2
. Peter James Stanlis,
Edmund Burke: The Enlightenment and Revolution
(Edison, NJ: Transaction, 1991), 213, citing Edmund Burke, “A Letter to a Noble Lord,” in
Works
, vol. 5 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1904), 186.

3
. John Adams, “Letter to Thomas Jefferson, November 13, 1815,” in
The Adams-Jefferson Letters: The Complete Correspondence Between Thomas Jefferson and Abigail and John Adams
, Lester J. Cappon, ed. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1959), 456.

4
. Thomas Jefferson, “Letter to James Madison, December 20, 1787,” in
The Debate on the Constitution
(New York: Library of America, 1993), 213.

5
. Peter Roff, “Pelosi: Pass Health Reform So You Can Find Out What’s In It,”
U.S. News & World Report
, Politics blog, March 9, 2010,
http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/peter-roff/2010/03/09/pelosi-pass-health-reform-so-you-can-find-out-whats-in-it
(April 19, 2013).

6
. U.S. Constitution, Art. I, Section 7, Cl. 2.

7
. Draft Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief, Landmark Legal Foundation,
http://www.landmarklegal.org/uploads/Landmark%20Complaint%20(00013086-2).pdf
(April 18, 2013).

8
. Shailagh Murray, “On Hill, Clinton gives a health care pep talk,”
Washington Post
, Nov. 11, 2009,
http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2009-11-11/politics/36893630_1_health-care-bill-bill-clinton-senate-floor
(April 19, 2013).

9
. “Dodd-Frank, Still Wrong for America,” Heritage Foundation, Fact Sheet 108, July 17, 2012,
http://www.heritage.org/research/factsheets/2012/07/dodd-frank-still-wrong-for-america
(April 19, 2013).

10
. Amy Payne, “Morning Bell: Dodd-Frank Financial Regulations Strangling Economy,” Heritage Foundation, The Foundry blog, July 20, 2012,
http://blog.heritage.org/2012/07/20/morning-bell-dodd-frank-financial-regulations-strangling-economy
(April 19, 2013).

11
. Ammon Simon, “Dodd-Frank at Two: Bad for Business and the Constitution,”
National Review Online
, Bench Memos, July 25, 2012,
http://www.nationalreview.com/bench-memos/312267/dodd-frank-two-bad-business-and-constitution-ammon-simon
(April 19, 2013).

12
. Jonathan Weisman, “Spending Measure Not a Law, Suit Says,”
Washington Post
, March 22, 2006,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/21/AR2006032101763.html
(April 19, 2013).

13
. S.47: Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013,
http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/s47/text
(April 19, 2013).

14
. Eugene Volokh, “Senate Considering Extending Statute That Led to Unconstitutional Prosecution for Twitter Messages That Criticized Religious Leader,” Volokh Conspiracy, April 24, 2012,
http://www.volokh.com/2012/04/24/senate-considering-extending-statute-that-led-to-unconstitutional-prosecution-for-twitter-messages-that-criticized-religious-leader
(April 19, 2013); Wendy Kaminer, “What’s Wrong with the Violence Against Women Act,”
Atlantic
, March 19, 2012,
http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2012/03/whats-wrong-with-the-violence-against-women-act/254678
(April 19, 2013); Hans Bader, “Troubling Provisions Being Added to the Violence Against Women Act: Due Process Rights Threatened,” Competitive Enterprise Institute, OpenMarket.org, March 23, 2012,
http://www.openmarket.org/2012/03/23/troubling-provisions-being-added-to-the-violence-against-women-act-due-process-rights-threatened
(April 19, 2013).

15
. Daniel Horowitz, “Say No to Violence Against Constitution Act,” RedState, April 23, 2012,
http://www.redstate.com/dhorowitz3/2012/04/23/say-no-to-violence-against-the-constitution-act
(April 19, 2013).

16
. 
U.S. v. Morrison
, 529 U.S. 598 (2000).

17
. John Adams, “Letter to Thomas Jefferson, November 13, 1815,” in
The Adams-Jefferson Letters
, 456.

18
. Edmund Burke, “Letters on a Regicide Peace, Letter II, On the Genius and Character of the French Revolution as it regards other Nations,” in
The Works of the Right Honorable Edmund Burke
, vol. 2 (London: Holdsworth & Ball, 1841), 315.

19
. Thomas Jefferson, “Letter to Arthur Campbell, September 1, 1797,” in
The Works of Thomas Jefferson
, Federal ed., vol. 8 (New York & London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1904–1905),
http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=805&chapter=87108&layout=html&Itemid=27
(April 19, 2013).

11. An Amendment to Protect the Vote

1
. 
Crawford v. Marion County Election Board
, 472 F.3d 949, 953 (6th Cir. 2007), aff’d, 553 U.S. 181 (2008).

2
. Ibid.

3
. Ibid.

4
. Scott Rasmussen, “64 Percent See Voter Fraud as a Serious Problem,”
Rasmussen Reports
, April 18, 2012,
http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/most_recent_podcasts/2012_04/radio_update_64_percent_see_voter_fraud_as_a_serious_problem
(April 20, 2013).

5
. 
Crawford v. Marion County Election Board
, 553 U.S. 181, 204 (2008).

6
. Ibid.

7
. Mary Sanchez, “Will Republicans succeed with Jim Crow lite laws?”
Kansas City Star
, Sept. 3, 2012,
http://www.kansascity.com/2012/09/03/3790385/voter-id-laws.html#storylink=cpy
(April 20, 2013).

8
. Adam Crisp, “Jesse Jackson ‘Astonished’ by Haley’s Voter ID Views,”
Mount Pleasant Patch
, Sept. 3, 2012,
http://mountpleasant-sc.patch.com/articles/jesse-jackson-astonished-by-haley-s-voter-id-views
(April 20, 2013).

9
. Amy Bingham, “Eric Holder Dubs Texas Voter ID Law a ‘Poll Tax,’ ” ABC News, July 10, 2012,
http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/07/eric-holder-dubs-texas-voter-id-law-a-poll-taxes
(April 20, 2013). It is important to note that Holder’s use of the term “poll taxes” was a departure from his prepared remarks. See Eric Holder, “Attorney General Eric Holder Speaks at the NAACP Annual Convention,” July 10, 2012,
http://www.justice.gov/iso/opa/ag/speeches/2012/ag-speech-120710.html
(April 20, 2013).

10
. Katie Pavlich, “NAACP Requires Photo I.D. to See Holder Speak in State Being Sued Over Voter ID,” Townhall.com, The Tipsheet, July 10, 2012,
http://townhall.com/tipsheet/katie pavlich/2012/07/10/naacp_requires_photo_id_to_see_holder_speak
(April 20, 2013).

11
. Karen Langley, “Voter ID passes Pennsylvania Senate,”
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
, March 8, 2012,
http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/local/state/voter-id-passes-pa-senate-221495/?print=1
(April 20, 2013).

12
. “PA Voter ID,” NAACP Pennsylvania State Conference,
http://pastatenaacp.org/voting/pa-voter-id
(April 20, 2013).